How do you use Power Series to solve the differential equation #y'=xy# ?

1 Answer
Sep 19, 2014

By Power Series Method, the solution of the differential equation is

#y=c_0sum_{n=0}^infty{(x^2/2)^n}/{n!}=c_0e^{x^2/2}#,

where #c_0# is any constant.

Let us look at some details.

Let #y=sum_{n=0}^\inftyc_nx^n#.

By taking the derivative term by term,

#y'=sum_{n=1}^infty nc_nx^{n-1}#

Now, let us look at the differential equation.

#y'=xy#

by substituting the above power series in the equation,

#Rightarrow sum_{n=1}^infty nc_nx^{n-1}=x cdot sum_{n=0}^\inftyc_nx^n#

by pulling the first term from the summation on the left,

#Rightarrow c_1+sum_{n=2}^inftync_nx^{n-1}=sum_{n=0}^infty c_nx^{n+1}#

by shifting the indices of the summation on the left by 2,

#Rightarrow c_1+sum_{n=0}^infty(n+2)c_{n+2}x^{n+1}=sum_{n=0}^infty c_nx^{n+1}#

By matching coefficients,

#c_1=0#

and

#(n+2)c_{n+2}=c_n Rightarrow c_{n+2}=c_n/{n+2}#

Let us observe the odd terms.

#c_3=c_1/3=0/3=0#
#c_5=c_3/5=0/5=0#
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#c_{2n+1}=0#

Let us observe the even terms.

#c_2=c_0/2#
#c_4=c_2/4=c_0/{4cdot2}=c_0/{2^2cdot2!}#
#c_6=c_4/6=c_0/{6cdot4cdot2}=c_0/{2^3cdot3!}#
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#c_{2n}=c_0/{2^ncdot n!}#

Hence,

#y=sum_{n=0}^infty c_0/{2^n cdot n!}x^{2n}=c_0 sum_{n=0}^infty{{x^{2n}}/{2^n}}/{n!} =c_0sum_{n=0}^infty{(x^2/2)^n}/{n!} =c_0e^{x^2/2}#

(by replacing #x# by #x^2/2# in #e^x=sum_{n=0}^infty{x^n}/{n!}#)