On the the left side, there are #1Al, 3O, and 3H# originaly and # 2Al, 4O, and 2H#. Since both sides need to have the same amount of each element, both sides need to have #2Al, 6O, and 6H#. This is why there are 3 water molecules, two #Al(OH)_3# molecules, and 1 molecule of #Al_2O_3# to have the equation balanced.