Question

Can anyone help name the following hydrocarbon derivatives?

Answer 1

a) is 2-aminopropan-2-ol
b) is 3-chloro-3,4-dihydroxyhexan-2-one
c) is 2-ethyl-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
d) N-methyl-2-aminohex-3-ynamide

Explanation:

In each case, find the longest carbon chain, and number along the chain starting at the end nearest where the functional groups or side groups are bonded to it. The `-OH` group in a) has a higher priority than the `-NH_2` group, so we name this as a derivative of propanol, while b) is a derivative of hexanone

Once the chain has been identified and the stem for its name found and the main functional group taken into account, the remaining side chains and groups are named and their location numbers given in the name.

For c) a carboxylic acid group defines the first carbon of a chain as it always has to be on the end. The two substituent groups are added on as prefixes, alphabetically.

In d) the N-methyl notation means a methyl group on the N atom rather than branching off the carbon skeleton. The rest of the name follows the method above, including giving the location of the alkyne group in the chain.

(with thanks to Ernest Z for advice on this answer)