If a + b + c = 0a+b+c=0, then the addition of the variables has to add to zero.
Since you didn't say that a^2017 + b^2017 + c^2017 = 0a2017+b2017+c2017=0, I can't argue that each variable could be 00. However, I could say that
a^2017 + b^2017 + c^2017 = xa2017+b2017+c2017=x
which can also be written as
a^2017 + b^2017 + c^2017 - x = 0a2017+b2017+c2017−x=0
which would give a lot more leeway in an answer, because then you're just working for a constant xx.
One answer (because there are now infinitely many) is if
a = -1a=−1
b = -1b=−1
c = 2c=2
c^2017 ~~ 1.5 * 10^607c2017≈1.5⋅10607 ^
x ~~ 1.5 * 10^607x≈1.5⋅10607 ^^
then
a + b + c = 0a+b+c=0
-1 + (-1) + 2 = 0−1+(−1)+2=0
From there, you have
(-1)^2017 + (-1)^2017 + 2^2017 - (1.5 * 10^607)(−1)2017+(−1)2017+22017−(1.5⋅10607)
The one problem here is that, of course, (-1)^2017 = -1(−1)2017=−1. So, when using basic approximations with such large numbers, you'd still get -2−2 as an answer, unless of course you were exactly precise. Wolfram Alpha (see notes below) tells me that there are 608 decimal places in 2^201722017, so you'd be doing a lot of work for not a lot of payoff.
The point here, however, is that there is an answer to this problem--in fact, there's infinitely many--but it's much too complex for anyone to do by hand using basic algebra. There might be a way to do this with calculus and limits, though I will freely admit I'm not sure what that would be.
Notes:
^: See https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=2%5E2017 for the scientific notation of 2^201722017.
^^: See https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=2%5E2017+%2B+2 for the scientific notation of 2^2017 + 222017+2. Hint: It's practically the same number at that point.
Edit: Of course, it just occurred to me that with the equation of a^2017 + b^2017 + c^2017 - x = 0a2017+b2017+c2017−x=0, you could hypothetically just say that each variable equals 00 and any string of zeroes added/subtracted together will yield 00, which shortens this answer considerably.