What are the four basic components of blood?

1 Answer
Dec 4, 2017

Plasma#(55%)#, red blood cells#(45%)#, white blood cells#(1%)# and platelets#("present per microliter of blood")#.

Explanation:

Plasma:
Blood plasma contain following components;

  • Water #to# #90%#.
  • In organic or mineral ions #to# #0.9%#
  • Plasma proteins i.e antibodies, prothrombin,albumin and fibrinogin #to# #7-9%#
  • Organic nutrients i.e glucose, fats, amnio acids, phospholipids etc
  • Nitrogenous wastes i.e urea and uric acid #to# Small amount
  • Gases i.e #CO_2# and #O_2#.

enter image source here
https://www.oneblood.org/about-donating/blood-donor-basics/what-is-blood/

Red Blood Cells:
The cytoplasm of a red blood cell contain:

  • Haemoglobin #to# #95%#(for dry weight) and about #35%#(if water is counted).

  • Enzymes, salts and other proteins #to# #5%#

enter image source here
https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5260

White Blood Cells:
WBCs don't contain any pigment.These are much larger in size than red blood cells. They are grouped into
#color(blue)("granulocytes i.e neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils") # and #color(green)(" agranulocytes i.e monocytes and lymhphocytes".#

  • Monocytes and neutrophils #to# kill the invader microbes by damaging or digesting them by phagocytosis.

  • Basophils #to# produce heparin and histamine. Heparin inhibits clotting of blood. Histamine participates in allergic reactions.

  • Lymphocytes #to# provide immunity against disease.

  • Eosinophils #to# Inactivate inflammation producing subsances and attack parasites.

enter image source here
commons.wikimedia.org
Platelets:
Platelets also don't contain any pigment.

  • Platelets don't have nucleus thus can't fit in the definition of cells.

  • These are fragments of large cells called megakaryocytes.

  • Platelets prevent bleeding by making blood clot at the site of injury.
    These convert the soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin . The fibrin protein enmesh the red blood cells and other platelets in the area of damaged tissue and ultimately forms clot which act as a temporary seal to prevent bleeding.
    enter image source here
    https://www.medicinenet.com/image-collection/blood_clot_picture/picture.htm