Question

Question #bda4a

Answer 1

During SUMMER SEASON

• As summer days are hot and warm, as an adaptation for homeostatic
  maintenance `rarr` to lose excess body heat , our body loses
  large amount of water in the form of sweat.

• Hence there is decrease in the Body fluid and blood pressure..

• As a result a hormone called Vasopressin also called
  Antidiuretic hormone{ADH} `rarr`Prevent Diuresis{ loss of excess water through urine}is released from the posterior
  pituitary{Neurohypophysis}.

• This hormone is synthesized by Paraventricular nucleus of
  hypothalamus{PVH} and is stored in the neurohypophysis(in vesicles).

• Dehydration is detected by osmoreceptors in hypothalamus.
• The secretion of this hormone is stimulated by a decrease in the
  arterial blood volume `rarr`increased osmolarity of blood
  plasma{hyperosmolarity}
• Main site of action of ADH :KIDNEYS

`color(red)("Functions of ADH")`:

1. Increase water reabsorption in renal tubules

2. constricts blood vessels with rise in blood pressure thus counters the blood pressure drop during dehydration.

3. Due to the release of ADH into the blood it does its functions as
   mentioned thus increasing the body fluid by decreasing the amount of
   water lost in the urine.

4. As most of the water in the urine is reabsorbed the urine is very
   concentrated in summer season.

During WINTER SEASON:

• The reverse occurs during winter season. As no dehydration occurs
  and no change in body fluid volume, all the excess water is lost in
  the urine as no ADH is released.

• The urine will be very hypotonic and dilute during winter season.

In the other seasons the amount of water in urine is moderate as temperature is moderate.