Question #c5a85

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Question #c5a85

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Answer 1 · 2017-12-07T15:03:37

Ethanol can be oxidised to form acetic acid.

Explanation:

You can do this on the lab scale by warming ethanol with sodium dichromate (oxidising agent) and a small addition of concentrated sulphuric acid as catalyst. This initially forms acetaldehyde, which on further oxidation forms acetic acid.

$C H_{3} - C H_{2} - O H + N a_{2} C r_{2} O_{7} \to C H 3 - C H O$ $CH_3-CH_2-OH + Na_2Cr_2O_7 -> CH3-CHO$

$C H 3 - C H O + N a_{2} C r_{2} O_{7} \to C H 3 - C O O H$ $CH3-CHO + Na_2Cr_2O_7 -> CH3-COOH$

Ethanol and acetic acid can be differentiated in various ways. Physically they have different boiling points (acetic acid around 118 celcius, ethanol around 78 celcius), and different densities (1.049 $g . c m^{- 3}$ $g.cm^-3$ for acetic acid, 0.79 $g . c m - 3$ $g.cm-3$ for ethanol). And chemically a key difference is acidity - pKa for ethanol in water is 15.9, whilst for acetic acid it is only 4.7.

Please note that there is no such thing as "ethanol acid" - there is "ethanoic acid" which is the IUPAC systematic name for acetic acid (although it is never used outside of school chemistry lessons!).

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