Question

How can we complete the table below? Please provide the working out for everything because I want to clearly understand everything.

Answer 1

See Below.

Explanation:

To understand this you have to understand the basic carbon numbering system.

Meth-1
Eth-2
Prop-3
But-4
Pent-5
Hex-6
Hept-7
Oct-8
Non-9
Dec-10

The first row has CH4. CH4 has one carbon, meaning its prefix is Meth. The -ane comes from it being an alkane. Meaning a carbon chain with no double bonds. So the alkane name is Methane. The formula can be found by removing a hydrogen atom from a primary carbon and adding an R group that holds the place for any bonded substrait. The Alkyl group formula would be R-CH3 or -CH3. This Alkyl groul is named by replacing the -ane with -yl, making it a Methyl group.

The second row give you pentyl. Pent meaning 5 carbons and the -yl reffers to the substrait when bonded to something, so an R group. This makes the stuction -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3. If you keep working backwards and replace the -yl with -ane you get pentane. I dont really want to draw it out so simply googling pentane will provide you with a stuction.

A hint for the last one is that it is a closed ring with four carbons. When an alkane forms a closed ring it gets the prefix cyclo-. the alkane for this would be CycloButane.

Hope it helps!