Which area was one of the first to experience conversion to Islam outside of the caliphates?
1 Answer
Levant and Persia
Explanation:
I assume you mean "Which area ouside the Rashidun caliphate", since there were many different caliphates.
After the death of Muhammad, Caliph Abu-Bakr first fought a series of wars against rebel Arab tribes. These wars were known as the Ridda Wars, or the Wars of Apostasy.
When these wars were finally won, Arab raids into the Levant caused the Byzantine Empire to send a large force into lower Palestine. They were defeated by the Arab armies at the Battle of Ajnadayn (634). The Arabs then went on the conquer Syria and the rest of the area between 634-641.
About that same time Arab raids were also conducted into the Sassanian Empire (Persia). The Persian emperor also raised an army to resist, but they were defeated at the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah (636). The Caliphate went on to conquer all of the Sassanian Empire between 635-651.
