Question #79f4c
1 Answer
Explanation:
A very important thing to recognize here is that the gas collected in the tube will contain both hydrogen gas and water vapor.
Usually, the problem provides you with the values of water's vapor pressure at the temperature at which the experiment takes place. Since this is not the case here, you can look it up yourself
http://www.endmemo.com/chem/vaporpressurewater.php
So, the water vapor pressure at
Now, magnesium will react with hydrochloric acid according to the balanced chemical equation
#"Mg"_text((s]) + 2"HCl"_text((aq]) -> "MgCl"_text(2(aq]) + "H"_text(2(g]) uarr#
Use magnesium's molar mass to determine how many moles you have in that sample
#0.0375color(red)(cancel(color(black)("g"))) * "1 mole Mg"/(24.305color(red)(cancel(color(black)("g")))) = "0.001543 moles Mg"#
Since the hydrochloric acid is in excess, you can say that the reaction will produce
#0.001543color(red)(cancel(color(black)("moles Mg"))) * ("1 mole H"_2)/(1color(red)(cancel(color(black)("mole Mg")))) ="0.001543moles H"_2#
Now, to get the pressure of the hydrogen gas produced by the reaction, use the pressure of the room and the vapor pressure of the water vapor to determine the pressure of the hydrogen.
Notice that the pressure of the room is given in inHg, which means that you're going to have to comvert it to mmHg
#29.85color(red)(cancel(color(black)("inHg"))) * "25.4 mmHg"/(1color(red)(cancel(color(black)("inHg")))) = "758.2 mmHg"#
The pressure of the hydrogen will thus be
#P_"hydrogen" = "758.2 mmHg" - "18.6 mmHg" = "739.6 mmHg"#
The ideal gas law equation looks like this
#color(blue)(PV = nRT)" "# , where
Rearrange this equation to solve for
#R = (PV)/(nT)#
#R = (739.6/760"atm" * 38.93 * 10^(-3)"L")/("0.001543 moles" * (273.15 + 21.0)"K") = 0.0835("atm" * "L")/("mol" * "K")#
The accepted value of
#color(blue)("% error" = ( |"experimental value" - "actual value"|)/"actual value" xx 100)#
#"% error" = ( |0.0821 - 0.0835|)/0.0821 xx 100 = color(green)(1.7%)#