How do you find the density of a solution if you know the identity of the solute and solvent, the amount that you combine of each, and their individual densities?
1 Answer
You probably mean
#D = "mass solution"/"volume solution"#
#= "mass solute + mass solvent"/"volume solution"#
#-= (m_"solute" + m_"solvent")/V_"soln"#
#= (n_"solute"M_"solute" + n_"solvent"M_"solvent")/V_"soln"# where the volume of the solution is not necessarily the volume of the solute plus solvent, but tends to be assumed so.
#M# is molar mass in#"g/mol"# and#n# is#"mol"# s.
The total volume is given by:
#V = n_1barV_1 + n_2barV_2# ,where
#barV_i = V_i/n# is the molar volume of component#i# .
With one component in the solution with water, we have:
#bb(D = (n_"solute"M_"solute" + n_"solvent"M_"solvent")/(n_"solute"barV_"solute" + n_"solvent"barV_"solvent")#
The molar volume of water is known from its density at some temperature
So:
- By knowing the density of your solute at your temperature
#T# and#"1 atm"# pressure, you can get#barV_"solute"# . - By knowing the masses of both the solute and solvent individually before mixing the solution, as well as their molar masses, you can determine the total mass of the solution.
- Knowing their masses and their molar masses, you can also then determine the total volume of the solution.