Question

How do acids and bases affect pH?

Answer 1

Acids lower the pH and bases increase the pH

Explanation:

pH is a measure of the acid concentration.
( measured in negative logs. )

At pH 7 the hydrogen ion concentration ( acid) `{H^+` or `H_3O^+}`
equals the hydroxide ion concentration ( base) {`OH^-1`}

Acids have Hydrogen ion concentrations of 1 (100%) to just less than `10^-7`
This is pH 0-6.9 Adding more acid increases the Hydrogen ion concentration lowering the pH.

Bases have Hydrogen ion concentrations greater than 10^-7 to `10^-14` ( `10^-14` = 100% hydroxide ion concentration)

This is pH 7.1-14 Adding more base increases the hydroxide ion concentration and lowers the hydrogen ion concentration.