The energy of a one-electron atom or ion is given by Bohr’s equation. Which one of the following one-electron species has the lowest energy ground state? a)Li2+ b) He+ c)Be3+ d) B4+ e) H
2 Answers
The correct answer is d) B⁴⁺ has the lowest energy ground state.
Bohr's equation is
For the ground state,
If
Since
We can see that as
- For
#"H"# :#Z = 1# ;#E_1 = "-13.6 eV" × 1^2 = "-13.6 eV"# - For
#"He"^+# :#Z = 2# ;#E_1 = "-13.6 eV" × 2^2 = "-54.4 eV"# - For
#"Li"^(2+)# :#Z = 3# ;#E_1 = "-13.6 eV" × 3^2 = "-122.4 eV"# - For
#"Be"^(3+)# :#Z = 4# ;#E_1 = "-13.6 eV" × 4^2 = "-218 eV"# - For
#"B"^(4+)# :#Z = 5# ;#E_1 = "-13.6 eV" × 5^2 = "-340 eV"#
The ground state energy is lowest for
The answer is d)
The lowest energy ground state will belong to the atom or ion that has the largest atomic number,
For one-electron species, the energy of an electron that orbits the nucleus at level
The equation for energy becomes
Since you're interested in ground state energy,
Of the species you've listed, the highest atomic number belongs to boron,