Question

What are the mathematical symbols for sum, difference, product, and quotient?

Answer 1

That would vary on what is meant on "sum", "difference" and "product". Other than that exception, sum, difference, product, and quotient are just fancy words for adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing respectively.
There are the simple symbols: `a+b,a-b,axxb, a-:b` (or `a/b`).
There is a special symbol for difference used in some math and science equations: `Deltax`
This means there is a final value and an initial `x` value. You would simply subtract the final and the initial to get the change or difference.

This is used in the equation to find the slope of a line:
`(Deltay)/(Deltax)`

Is the same as

`(y_2-y_1)/(x_2-x_1)`
This means you subtract y-coordinate points and x-coordinate points on a line to find the slope.

There is also a special symbol for summing and products, and it can get a little confusing:

`sum_(n=0)^10 n`

This is the symbol for summing a function of `n` denoted as a capital sigma
The bottom number denoted as `n` is the starting number.
The top number is the ending number.
You then plug in `n` for each number up to 10 and add them up.
The answer to the summing operation above is 55.

`prod_(n=1)^10 n`

This is the symbol for product denoted as a capital pi (this is NOT `3.14159265...` pi, that's lowercase) . The same rules for summing apply to products, but you multiply instead of add. The answer to the above product is 3,628,800.

That is also the answer to `10!` Note that `n` starts at 1 and not 0 in the product.

As for a special quotient symbol, I'm not 100% sure if such a thing exists.