Question

What is the formula for caloric acid?

Answer 1

Well, CHLORIC acid is `"HClO"_3`. Caloric acid... doesn't exist.

It should be recognized that hypochlorous acid, chlorous acid, chloric acid, and perchloric acid are a family of chlorine-based oxoacids (`"HClO"`, `"HClO"_2`, `"HClO"_3,` `"HClO"_4`), whose acidity increases as the number of oxygens increases.

Each oxygen, more electronegative than the central chlorine atom, polarizes the electron density towards them, weakening the `"O"-"H"` bond within the oxoacid, making it a stronger acid with the increasing number of oxygens.

It is generally considered that `"HClO"_3` and `"HClO"_4` are strong whereas `"HClO"` and `"HClO"_2` are weak.

Answer 2

Do you mean `"carbonic acid".............?`

Explanation:

Or do you mean `"chloric acid"......?`

`"Carbonic acid"` is FORMALLY `H_2CO_3`, and is probably better represented by hydrated carbon dioxide, i.e. `H_2O*CO_2`.

For `"chloric acid"`, `HClO_3`, we have a `Cl(+V)` oxidation state. `"Perchloric acid"`, `HClO_4`, exhibits a `Cl(+VII)` oxidation state.