When does chemical equilibrium result?

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When does chemical equilibrium result?

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Answer 1 · 2016-08-30T07:06:01

When the forward rate is equivalent to the reverse rate of reaction.

Explanation:

For the equilibrium, $A + B ⇌ C + D$ $A+BrightleftharpoonsC+D$ ,

There is a rate forward, $=$ $=$ $k_{f} [A] [B]$ $k_f[A][B]$ ,

And there is a reverse rate, $=$ $=$ $k_{r} [C] [D]$ $k_r[C][D]$ .

By definition, chemical equilibrium occurs when the forward rate is equivalent to the reverse rate:

$k_{f} [A] [B]$ $k_f[A][B]$ $=$ $=$ $k_{r} [C] [D]$ $k_r[C][D]$ .

And thus, $\frac{[C] [D]}{[A] [B]}$ $([C][D])/([A][B])$ $=$ $=$ $\frac{k_{f}}{k_{r}}$ $k_f/k_r$

The dimensionless constant, $\frac{k_{f}}{k_{r}}$ $k_f/k_r$ , is also known as $K_{c}$ $K_c$ , the thermodynamic equilibrium constant. This is usually a constant for given conditions.

Large values of $K_{c}$ $K_c$ clearly favour the product sides, whereas small values favour the reactant side. Much thermodynamic data have been recorded with respect to various chemical equilibria.

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When does chemical equilibrium result?

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