Question

Question #9a0c3

Answer 1

The carbon atoms are `sp` hybridized in the acetylene molecule.

Explanation:

Start by taking a look at the Lewis structure of acetylene, `"C"_2"H"_2`.

The molecule has a total of 10 valence electrons, 4 from each of the carbon atoms and 1 from each of the hydrogen atoms. Because it only has one electron, hydrogen is not capable of forming multiple bonds with the carbon atoms,

This means that 4 valence electrons will be used to form the single bonds between the two hydrogen and two carbon atoms, and the remaining 6 valence electrons will be used to form a triple bond between the two carbon atoms.

Now, in order to determine the hybridization of the two carbon atoms, you need to count the regions of electron density that surround each of those atoms.

Remember, a region of electron density is a lone pair, or a bond, regardles of the type of the bond, i.e. a single, double, or triple bond all count as one region of electron density.

The number os uch regions will give you the atom's steric number, which tells you what hybridization you're dealing with.

Take a look at the leftmost carbon atom (the process is the same for both anyway). Notice that it has no lone pairs of electrons attached, but that it does for bonds with two other atoms, a hydrogen and the other carbon.

This means that its steric number is equal to 2. The atom will thus use 2 hybrid orbitals to bond with the hydrogen and the other carbon atom, so it will be `sp` hybridized.

The `2s` and one of the `2p` orbitals will be used to make the two `sp` hybrid orbitals which carbon uses to form sigma bonds with hydrogen's 1s-orbital and the other carbon atom's `sp` hybridized orbital.

The remaining two unhybridized 2p-orbitals will be used to form two pi bonds between the two carbon atoms.