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Orbital Hybridization

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Question #788a6

Orbital hybridization can determine how many bonds an atom can form and the shape of molecules.

For example, using the Aufbau principle, Hund's rule and the Pauli exclusion principle we would write the following electron configuration for carbon

$1 s^{2}$ $1s^2$ $2 s^{2}$ $2s^2$ $2 p^{2}$ $2p^2$
This would create a Lewis structure with one side (of 4) of the carbon having a pair of electrons and two sides having a single electron

Covelent bonds can form when there are unpaired electrons. So our initial electron configuation for carbon would allow us to predict that the carbon would form just two covalent bonds.

The hybridization of carbon produces the following electron configuration
$1 s^{2}$ $1s^2$ $2 s^{1}$ $2s^1$ $2 p^{3}$ $2p^3$ (called $s p^{3}$ $sp^3$ hybridization)
This would create a Lewis structure with a single electron on each of the four sides of carbon, allowing it to form four covalent bonds.

This means that carbon atoms will be able to achieve the octet rule when they form four bonds.

mrpauller.weebly.com · · Mar 21 2014
What are some examples of orbital hybridization?

See this article for a good answer to the question:
http://socratic.org/questions/what-is-hybridization

Chuck W. · 1 · Aug 13 2014

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Molecular Orbital Theory

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