Finding R and S for Tricky Examples

Key Questions

• How do you draw ( S )-1-bromo-1-chlorobutane?

  Answer:

  Here's how I do it.

  Explanation:

  Step 1. Draw the structure of 1-bromo-1-chlorobutane.

  

  Step 2. To get the stereochemical structure, start with the structure of butane.

  

  Step 3. At #"C-1"#, draw a wedge, a dash, and a solid bond.

  

  Step 4. Put the #"H"# on the dashed bond. Then add the #"Br"# and #"Cl"# to the remaining bonds in any order.

  We have a 50:50 chance of getting it right. Here's one possibility.

  

  Step 5. Assign priorities to the groups.

  #"Br"# = 1; #"Cl"# = 2; #"C-2"# = 3; #"H"# = 4.

  Step 6. Assign stereochemistry

  Then #"Br"# → #"Cl"# → #"C-2"# = 1 → 2 → 3 goes in a counterclockwise direction (#S#).

  We got it right!

  So this really is (#S#)-1-bromo-1-chlorobutane.

  If we had gotten it wrong, we would have interchanged any two of the groups.

  For example, in the diagram above, interchanging the #"Cl"# and #"Br"# atoms converts the (#S#) isomer to the (#R#) isomer.

  Ernest Z. · 6 · Jul 16 2015
• How do you draw a (2R ,3R )-2,3-dichloropentane?

  Answer:

  The structure is below...

  Explanation:

  Both #Cl# groups should be pointing backward. After assigning priorities, the rotation will be counter-clock wise (which means #S#) however because the highest priority group is pointing backward, the #S# becomes #R#.

  

  A video on labeling #R# and #S# is here:
  

  Dr. Hayek · 4 · Sep 19 2015
• Why is so easy to make mistakes without using any models for R and S configurations?

  Answer:

  Because you have to represent a three dimensional structure on two dimensional paper.

  Explanation:

  This is always problematic, and you can make mistakes even with reference to molecular models. It depends how well your spatial awareness can translate the structure to the printed page. Good luck.

  anor277 · 1 · Nov 30 2015

• Why is so easy to make mistakes without using any models for R and S configurations?
• How do you draw ( S )-1-bromo-1-chlorobutane?
• How do you draw a (2R ,3R )-2,3-dichloropentane?
• How can I draw a perspective formula for ( R )-1,2-dibromobutane?
• What are some common mistakes students make with R and S configurations?
• Consider a solution that contains 80.0% R isomer and 20.0% S isomer. If the observed specific rotation of the mixture is –43.0°, what is the specific rotation of the pure R isomer?