Answers edited by Mandira P.

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• What is the difference between the pituitary gland and the pineal gland?
  
• How does the anaphase stage differ in the two phases of meiosis?
  
• How does the pituitary gland affect the thyroid?
  
• Why might antibiotics become less effective to bacteria over generations?
  
• What is an example of a homologous and a vestigial structure? How are these evidence for evolution?
  
• What digestive organ releases enzymes in the small intestine?
  
• What is the term used for particles present on cristae of mitochondria?
  
• What happen when the retina absorbs light?
  
• How do the vacuoles of animal cells differ from those of plant cells ?
  
• One of Darwin's principles is that minor variations in all traits exist within species. Why is this idea important to his theory of evolution?
  
• What is meiosis in males called?
  
• How does the presence of glucose in the nephrons result in the high volume of urine output? Why does diabetes result in high volume of urine output?
  
• My blood type is B+ and my mothers blood type is O-, what would my fathers be?
  
• The allele for the hair pattern widow's peak is dominant. In a population of 1000 individuals, 510 show the dominant phenotype. How many individuals would you expect of each of the possible 3 genotypes for this trait? How do you answer this?
  
• What is the basic difference between epithelial tissue and connective tissue? Why are they so different despite the fact that all tissues originate in embryo and an embryo arises from a single fertilised egg cell?
  
• What is the involuntary muscle that moves food through the digestive system?
  
• If deserts and tundras receive similar amounts of rainfall, why are these two biomes so different?
  
• How do neurons communicate with other cells?
  
• What is the role of lymphatic system in the absorption of fats?
  
• How does cardiac muscle differ from skeletal muscle?
  
• The fluid in the glomerular capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of: plasma protein, electrolytes, glucose, or hormones?
  
• What component of Earth's atmosphere exists entirely as a result of photosynthesis?
  
• How does geographic isolation contribute to evolution?
  
• Where in the kidney is the renal medulla?
  
• Does the lymphatic system take up excess tissue fluid at the site of capillaries? Does it contain the same proteins as blood?
  
• What are the functions of the pancreas?
  
• How is natural selection related to phenotypes and genotypes?
  
• What are 2 diseases caused by protists?
  
• What could be function of nuclear membrane? It is porous and seems to allow materials to pass freely.
  
• How does alcohol affect the human body?
  
• Do protists represent a group of organisms that share common adaptations and ancestry as suggested by inclusion in a single kingdom?
  
• What theories surround the history of how life arose on earth?
  
• Why do the phospholipids surrounding the cell form a bilayer?
  
• What type of mutation will not affect the protein produced?
  
• What are the four types of reptiles?
  
• What do animals generally store excess glucose as?
  
• The cell body of a neuron collects information from which structure?
  
• What does the "t" in tRNA stand for?
  
• What does the formation of a barr body inactivate?
  
• How can Down syndrome be detected during pregnancy?
  
• How is Lucy, the A. Afarensis, evidence of evolution?
  
• What are the 2 major organelles in blood? Is it myoglobin and something else?
  
• What is the hepatic portal system?
  
• A neuron is at rest. A millisecond later, an action potential travels along its axon. What happened in the interim?
  
• How does the muscular system affect other systems?
  
• Why was the evolution of a large brain important to human evolution?
  
• Is it true that your intestines are 26 miles long?
  
• How are DNA, chromosomes, genes, and alleles related?
  
• At which part of the respiratory system does oxygen enter the bloodstream? In the bronchial tube, the alveolus, the heart, or the trachea?
  
• A grass field is inhabited by mice and coyotes. The mice eat the grass and serve as food for the coyotes. A disease of unknown origin kills all the coyotes. What will happen to the ecosystem?
  
• What is instantaneous speciation?
  
• What part of a neuron houses the nucleus?
  
• Why is archaea called extremophiles?
  
• How does genetic information pass among DNA, RNA, and proteins?
  
• Why is negative feedback important?
  
• How does H.Pylori bacteria affect our digestive system?
  
• What specific differences about the finches on the Galapagos Islands were of great interest to Darwin?
  
• How do the villi of the small intestine function?
  
• How many biomes can be found in Australia?
  
• Why does an obstruction in the proximal convoluted tubule decrease glomerular filtration rate?
  
• What is the difference beween identical twins and fraternal twins? How do they form their genetic makeup?
  
• Does the cranium include the hyoid bone?
  
• What is the breaking of the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together, creating single strands?
  
• What feature is found in all mollusks?
  
• Where do antibodies come from and what function do they have?
  
• How do bacteria evolve and become resistant to antibiotics? Why is antibiotic resistance such an important topic in medicine?
  
• Why must external fertilization in animals always occur in water?
  
• How does a frog's heart differ from a human's heart?
  
• How many pituitary glands are in the brain?
  
• What are the two types of bone tissue? How do they differ in structure and function?
  
• How does the hepatic portal vein differ from other veins?
  
• How does AIDS avoid the immune system?
  
• Mendel's First Law is known as the Law of?
  
• What is bigger: bacteria or protist?
  
• From this information, can we know in which parent the nondisjunction began?
  
• What is the pathway a uric acid molecule takes from a glomerulus to the urethra?
  
• What is the outside of a virus made of?
  
• What is an example of an animal and their niche for the grassland savannah biome?
  
• What are the conditions of farmers in India like in terms of housing, security, etc?
  
• What are examples of human causes of animal extinction?
  
• What are the differences between mitosis division in plants cell and animals cell?
  
• Does using a sauna damage the male reproductive system?
  
• What exactly do the positive and negative mean after the blood types of A, B, AB or O?
  
• How does the name Porifera relate to the structure of a sponge?
  
• Sickle cell anemia is caused by a recessive allele. Roughly 1 out of every 500 african americans is afflicted with sickle cell anemia. How would you use the hardy weinberg equation to calculate the % of heterozygotes for sickle cell allele (.002=q^2)?
  
• The diploid number of chromosomes in horses is 64. What is the haploid number of chromosomes in horses?
  
• What structure stores DNA and genetic information for the cell?
  
• Why do we recover completely form a cold but not from polio?
  
• Can your lymphatic system malfunction? Can it be harmed, or make you sick?
  
• The sodium potassium pump uses (what) to pump (what) out of the cell and (what) into the cell?
  
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