Determining the Length of a Polar Curve

Key Questions

  • The Arc Length in Polar Coordinates is given bu:

    L = int \ dS where dS=sqrt(r^2+((dr)/(d theta))^2) \ d theta

  • Answer:

    Use the chain rule.

    Explanation:

    By Chain Rule,

    {dr}/{d theta}=3cos^2(theta/3)cdot[-sin(theta/3)]cdot1/3

    by cleaning up a bit,

    =-cos^2(theta/3)sin(theta/3)

    Let us first look at the curve r=cos^3(theta/3), which looks like this:

    enter image source here

    Note that theta goes from 0 to 3pi to complete the loop once.

    Let us now find the length L of the curve.

    L=int_0^{3pi}sqrt{r^2+({dr}/{d theta})^2} d theta

    =int_0^{3pi}sqrt{cos^6(theta/3)+cos^4(theta/3)sin^2(theta/3)}d theta

    by pulling cos^2(theta/3) out of the square-root,

    =int_0^{3pi}cos^2(theta/3)sqrt{cos^2(theta/3)+sin^2(theta/3)}d theta

    by cos^2theta=1/2(1+cos2theta) and cos^2theta+sin^2theta=1,

    =1/2int_0^{3pi}[1+cos({2theta}/3)]d theta

    =1/2[theta+3/2sin({2theta}/3)]_0^{3pi}

    =1/2[3pi+0-(0+0)]={3pi}/2

    I hope that this was helpful.

  • We can find the arc length L of a polar curve r=r(theta) from theta=a to theta=b by

    L=int_a^bsqrt{r^2+({dr}/{d theta})^2}d theta

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