Identifying Turning Points (Local Extrema) for a Function
Key Questions
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Answer:
See below.
Explanation:
To find extreme values of a function
f , setf'(x)=0 and solve. This gives you the x-coordinates of the extreme values/ local maxs and mins.For example. consider
f(x)=x^2-6x+5 . To find the minimum value off (we know it's minimum because the parabola opens upward), we setf'(x)=2x-6=0 Solving, we getx=3 is the location of the minimum. To find the y-coordinate, we findf(3)=-4 . Therefore, the extreme minimum off occurs at the point(3,-4) . -
Any polynomial of degree
n can have a minimum of zero turning points and a maximum ofn-1 . However, this depends on the kind of turning point.Sometimes, "turning point" is defined as "local maximum or minimum only". In this case:
- Polynomials of odd degree have an even number of turning points, with a minimum of 0 and a maximum of
n-1 . - Polynomials of even degree have an odd number of turning points, with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of
n-1 .
However, sometimes "turning point" can have its definition expanded to include "stationary points of inflexion". For an example of a stationary point of inflexion, look at the graph of
y = x^3 - you'll note that atx = 0 the graph changes from convex to concave, and the derivative atx = 0 is also 0.If we go by the second definition, we need to change our rules slightly and say that:
- Polynomials of degree 1 have no turning points.
- Polynomials of odd degree (except for
n = 1 ) have a minimum of 1 turning point and a maximum ofn-1 . - Polynomials of even degree have a minimum of 1 turning point and a maximum of
n-1 .
So, in part, it depends on the definition of "turning point", but in general most people will go by the first definition.
- Polynomials of odd degree have an even number of turning points, with a minimum of 0 and a maximum of
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For a differentiable function
f(x) , at its turning points,f' becomes zero, andf' changes its sign before and after the turning points.
I hope that this was helpful.
Questions
Graphing with the First Derivative
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Interpreting the Sign of the First Derivative (Increasing and Decreasing Functions)
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Identifying Stationary Points (Critical Points) for a Function
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Identifying Turning Points (Local Extrema) for a Function
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Classifying Critical Points and Extreme Values for a Function
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Mean Value Theorem for Continuous Functions